Finishing device for internal and external surfaces

ABSTRACT

The device has an arbor which is driven in rotation for driving a plurality of truncated conical rollers mounted in a cage with internal or external lines of contact with a cylindrical or flat surface. Fluid is delivered through the arbor to a ram having a cylinder element and piston element which are movable relative to each other by the fluid and returned to initial position by spring means for advancing and retracting the rollers. The cage for the rollers is secured to one of the elements while the mandrel or race is secured to the other element so that one is movable relative to the other for increasing or decreasing the diameter on which the rollers operate.

i United States Patent [191 Kalen 51 June 5, 1973 [54] FINISHING DEVICEFOR INTERNAL 3,559,258 2 1971 Gardner .29 90 AND EXTERNAL SURFACES2,874,452 2 1959 Thompson "29 90 Inventor: Stuart Kalen, SterlingHeights,

Mich.

Cogsdill Farmington; Mich.

Filed: Sept. 21, 1971 Appl. No.: 182,360

. Assigneef vs. (:1. .29/90 R, 72/122 R Int. Cl. ..B2lc 37/30, B24b39/00 Field of Search 229/90; 72/122 References Cited UNITED STATESPATENTS 4/l972 Kruse, Jr. 29/90 9/1967 Harris ..29/90 3/l966 3 Adam etal. .L29/90 X Tool Products, lnc.,

Primary ExaminerHarrison L. Hinson Attorney-Harness, Dickey & Pierce[57] ABSTRACT The device has an arbor which is driven in rotation fordriving a plurality of truncated conical rollers mounted in a cage withinternal or external lines of contact with a cylindrical or flatsurface. Fluid is delivered through the arbor to a ram having a cylinderelement and piston element which are movable relative to each other bythe fluid and returned to initial position by spring means for advancingand retracting the rollers. The cage for the rollers is secured to oneof the elements while the mandrel or race is secured to the otherelement so that one is movable relative to the other for increasing ordecreasing the diameter on which the rollers operate.

8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures 1 FINISHING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL AND EXTERNALSURFACES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Reference may be had to the patentto W. G. Huber, US. Pat. No. 3,320,652 issued May 23, 1967 for Bur--nishing Tool" which was assigned to the assignee of the presentinvention.

RELATED APPLICATIONS 1970, for Sizing and Finishing Device For ExternalSurfaces."

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention pertains to a finishing toolwhich burnishes the interior or exterior surfaces of a workpiece or aflat end of a cylindrical workpiece to provide a fine finish thereto. Anarbor has a passageway for a fluid to a ram carried by the arbor havinga cylinder element and a piston element. One of the elements is operatedrelative to the other by the fiuid'for advancing a cage and racerelative to each other for increasing or decreasing the diameter onwhich the rollers in the cage are supported. The rollers may be set on apredetermined diameter and the workpiece advanced therethrough as thearbor drives the device in rotation to have the rollers roll on thesurface'to be finished and advance the cage therewith. The workpiece maybe positioned within the rollers and the rollers advanced from acontracted position thereagainst for producing the finishing operation.An additional set of rollers provided in a plane normal to the axis ofthe arbor contacts the end of the workpiece to finish the endface'thereof during the finishing of the adjacent surface of theworkpiece. In any of the embodiments, the fluid delivered through thearbor operates an element of the ram relative to the other for movingthe rollers inwardly or outwardly of the cage supported by one elementand moved relative to the race or mandrel carried by the other element.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a broken sectional view of atool forproducing a finishing operation on the exterior surface of a inFIG. 3, showing a still further form which the inven' tion may assume. 1

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIG. 1, afinishing tool 11 has an arbor 12 provided with a driving head 13containing a passageway 15 for fluid from a passageway 14 through a slipring 10 carried by the arbor. The arbor 12 has a ram 16 supportedthereon embodying a piston element 17 and a cylinder element 18. Thepiston element 17 is secured to the inner end of the arbor 12 by athread engagement 19. The cylinder element 18 encompasses the pistonelement 17 and is sealed relative thereto and to the arbor by O-rings 21and 22. The piston element 17 has a plurality of dowel pins 23pressfitted thereto in position to extend within apertures 24 in thehead 25 of the cylinder element 18 which is driven thereby. The cylinderhead 25 is secured to the cylinder element 18 by a plurality ofscrews-26.

A cylindrical extension 27 on the cylinder element 18 supports a race 28secured thereto by a ring 29 and a plurality of screws 31. A cylindricalcage 32 has a ring 33 of bronze or other bearing material securedthereto by set screws 34. The cage and rings are mounted between thrustbearings 35 and 36, the latter engaging a spring 37, the opposite end ofwhich bears against a thrust bearing 38 which engages the race 28. Thelower end of the cage 32 has truncated conical slots 39 containingtruncated conical rollers 41 positioned to have the working engaginglines 40 disposed parallel to each other and to the axis of the arbor.The face 42 of the race or mandrel 28 slopes at an angle to have lineengagement with the outer edges of the rollers 41 so as to wedge herollers outwardly when the cylinder element 18 is moved to the left, asillustrated in the figure, to decrease the diameter of a cylindricalsurface upon which the lines 40 of the rollers are positioned.

The introduction of pressure fluid into the passage 15 causes the fluidto pass out of the apertures 43 in the arbor into'the space 44 betweenthe cylinder head 25 and the piston elements 17. Thiscauses the movementof the cylinder element 18 to'the left and the contraction of therollers 41 relative to the race 28. A cylindrical workpiece is placedwithin the area of the rollers 41 and pressure fluid is applied to thecylinder element 18 to cause the roller to engage the surface of theworkpiece with a predetermined pressure. The rollers will finish thesurface as the arbor is driven in rotation and advanced over theworkpiece or the workpiece advanced toward the arborvBy having therollers '41 disposed at a slight angle of approximately 3, the workpiecewill be advanced thereby into and beyond the rollers. After thefinishing operation, the fluid pressure is removed from between thepiston and cylinder elements to permit the spring 37 to movethe race 28to the right to permit the rollers 41 to retract.

Referringto FIG. 2, an additional finishing unit 45 is added to thedevice illustrated in FIG. 1. The piston element 17 has a cylindricalextension 46 which projects beyond the end of the arbor 12. Thecylindrical extension has a spherical bearing 47 secured thereto whichabuts a ring 48 on the inner end and a washerlike'race 49 on the outerend. A shouldered screw 51 clamps a ring 52, the race 49, a sleeve 53 ofthe bearing 47 and the ring 48 into a unit element through theengagement ofa thread 54 of the screw with a thread 55 in the centralaperture of the ring 48. The screw 51 also clamps a cylindrical cage 56which supports necked rollers 57 which are in engagement with the outerface 60 of the race 49.

A plurality of dowel pins 58 have one end pressfitted in the extension46 with the other end projecting into slots 59 in the outer surface ofthe ring 48. A plurality of dowel pins 61 are pressfitted in the end ofthe cylindrical extension 46 in position to project within apertures 62in the washerlike race 49. This provides a rotary drive relation betweenthe unit 45 supported on the spherical bearing 47 on which it rocks topermit the rollers 57 to adjust themselves to the end face of aworkpiece being burnished by the rollers 41. The end face of theworkpiece adjacent to the side surface 1 thereof has a fine finishsimultaneously produced thereon by the operation of the tool on theworkpiece end.

Referring to FIG. 3, a similar tool 63 is illustrated having an arbor 64through which fluid passageways 65 extend to a ram portion 66 embodyinga cylinder element 67'and a piston element 68. The fluid is delivered tothe passageway 65 of the arbor by a slip ring 69, made of bronze orother bearing material, having a passageway 71 therethrough. Thepassageways 71 and 65 communicate with each other through mated annularchannels 72 and 73. A cylindrical housing 74 is secured to the cylinderelement 67 by set screws 75. A sleeve 76 is rotatably supported withinthe housing 74 between thrust bearings 77 which also supports a stopsleeve 78 with which the end of the workpiece engages forlimiting theadvancement thereof. The sleeve 76 has a cylindrical cage 79 securedthereto by a plurality of set. screws 81 which are applied and removedthrough one or more apertures 82 in the wall of the stop sleeve 78.

The cage 79 supports a plurality of rollers 80 which are also of thenecked type and are retained within slots in the cage which prevent therollers from falling outwardly therefrom but which permits them to beexpanded outwardly therethrough to a limited degree. In thisarrangement, the cage and rollers are supported by the cylinder element67 through the attachment thereof to the arbor. The piston element 68has a race or mandrel 83 secured thereby by set screws 84..The pistonelement carries a ring 85 made of bronze or otherv bearing materialwhich rides on the inner wall of the sleeve 76. The piston element hasone end of dowel pins 86 pressfitted therein with the other endsextending within slots 87 in the end of the cylinder 67. The

ends of dowel pins 88 are pressfitted in the piston element 68 with theother ends extending within apertures 89 in the inner ends of the raceof mandrel 83. The dowel pins produce a rotary drive relation betweenthe arbor and piston element. An O-ring 91 on the arbor seals the innerside of the annular piston element 68 while an O-ring 92 seals the outerside thereof to the inner surface of the cylinder element 67.

A washer 93 is secured to the end of the arbor 64 by a screw 94. Aplurality of springs 95 are supported in apertures 96 on the inner endof the piston element 68 with the outer ends of the spring engaged withthe inner face of the washer 93 for retracting the piston element afterthe fluid pressure is removed therefrom. With the rollers 80 in expandedposition through their engagement with the sloping surface 90 of therace 83, the end of the internal surface of a workpiece, such as thatshown in dot and dash line, is burnished to a fine finish as the arboris driven' in rotation and relatively advanced thereover. The sleeve 78limits the relative advancement of the workpiece while the rollersfinish the adjacent internal surface thereof to a fine finish.

When a different diameter workpiece is to be finished, the cage 79 canbe removed from the sleeve 76 by the removal of the set screws 81 and anew cage with different rollers substituted therefor. The race ormandrel 83 is also removed and replaced. The race or mandrel hereinillustrated may be turned end for end to have the sloping face portion97 engage the rollers which correspond to the diameter which is to befinished. By employing different diameter rollers and a mating race ormandrel 83 internal surfaces of different diameters may be finished bythe same tool.

Referring to FIG. 4, a tool similar to that of FIG. 3 is illustratedwhich operates on the external surface of a workpiece. An arbor 98 has afluid passageway 99 therethrough to which fluid is delivered from a slipring 101 of conventional construction. Fluid through passageways 102enter a ram area 103 composed of outer and inner cylindrical walls 104and 105 which form the cylinder element of the device..An annular pistonelement 106 is disposed between the walls 104 and 105 and sealed theretoby O-rings 107. The piston element is driven with the cylinder elementby the projections of the heads of pins 108 pressfitted therein intoslots 109 in the piston element. A race 111 is supported in the end ofthe cylindrical wall 104 by a split ring 112. The race 1 11 is retainedin driving relation to the arbor 98 by projecting heads of pins 113which. extend into slots 114 in the edge of the race 111.

The piston element 106 has a plurality of apertures 115 in which springs116 are retained with the one outer ends abutting the end of the race111. The inner end of the piston element carries a ring 117, made ofbronze or other bearing material, located between a pair of thrustbearings 118 secured together in unit relation by a stop sleeve 1 19retained in position by a split ring 121. The ring 117 has a cylindricalcage 122 s'ecured thereto by a plurality of setscrews 123. The cage hasa plurality of slots 124 for supporting rollers 125 with their internallines of engagement 126 disposed parallel to each other and to the axisof the arbor. As pointed out above, by slightly tilting the rollers 125to the axis of the arbor, a workpiece will be automatically fed therebypast the rollers. The inner sloping line 127 of the rollers engage thesloping face 128 of the race 111 which when, the cage 122 is advanced tothe right, by the piston element 106 causes the rollers to move inwardlytoward the arbor axis in position to receive and operate on the surfaceof a workpiece. The springs 116 move the piston element 106 to the leftwhen the pressure of fluid is removed therefrom. When a workpiece is tobe finished the fluid pressure is applied to the piston element whichmoves to the position limited by the stop 119 to thereby set the rollerson the diameter to which the workpiece is to be finished. The arbor isthen advanced to move the rollers over the workpiece which is retainedagainst rotation. As the arbor is rotated, the rollers roll on thesurface of the workpiece as they are relatively advanced thereover. Aworkpiece of substantial length may have the outer surface finished bythe tool as the tool is relatively advanced thereover.

In all the tools herein illustrated, the operation of either the pistonelement or cylinder element of the ram produces the movement of therollers to the diameter to which the workpiece is to be finished. Thecylinder element or piston element is relatively moved to advance therollers to work-performing position by the fluid delivered theretothrough the passageways provided in the arbor. The ram is supported bythe arbor which drives the tool in rotation. The fluid delivered to theram through the passageways in the arbor produces the working force tofinish the workpiece. The retractive force for relatively moving theelements of the ram to their initial position is produced by springswhich are compressed during the advancement of the rollers towork-performing position.

I claim:

1. In a finishing tool, an arbor having a fluid passageway therethrough,ram means supported on said arbor, said ram means embodying a pistonelement and cylinder element movable longitudinally relative to eachother by the pressure of said fluid, drive means between said elementsto have them rotate as a unit, a cage having slots therein, truncatedconical rollers supported in the slots of said cage for inward andoutward movement relative thereto, said ca'ge being supported by one ofsaid elements, a race supported by the other of said elements inengagement with said rollers for applying a working pressure theretowhen the race and rollers are moved relative to each other by thepressure of said fluid, and spring means between said cage and race forrelatively moving them to their initial position when fluid pressure isremoved from said ram means.

2 In a finishing tool as recited in claim 1, wherein the cage is asleeve providing a recess, and the race is a ring having an innersloping surface engaging the sloping surfaces of the rollers. I

3. In a finishing tool as recited in claim 2, wherein a unit member issupported in said recess on a spherical bearing secured to the fixed oneof said elements, a race on said unit member having'an end face disposednormal to the axis of said arbor, a cage on said unit member adjacent tosaid end face having a plurality of slots therein, and rollers supportedin saidslots in engagement with the end face of said race for finishingthe end of a workpiece which is having its outer surface finished bysaid truncated conical rollers.

4. In a finishing tool as recited in claim 3, wherein drive means isprovided between said unit member and said fixed one of said elementsand between the unit member and said race having the end face to producethe rotation of the unit member with said arbor.

5. In a finishing tool as recited in claim 1, wherein a stop sleeve issupported by said arbor for limiting the advancement of a workpiecerelative to said truncated conical rollers.

6. In a finishing tool as recited in claim 5, wherein the cage embodiesa cage sleeve and a cage section which supports the rollers, and meansfor releasably securing the cage section to said cage sleeve for thereplacement of the former thereon.

tween.

1. In a finishing tool, an arbor having a fluid passageway therethrough,ram means supported on said arbor, said ram means embodying a pistonelement and cylinder element movable longitudinally relative to eachother by the pressure of said fluid, drive means between said elementsto have them rotate as a unit, a cage having slots therein, truncatedconical rollers supported in the slots of said cage for inward andoutward movement relative thereto, said cage being supported by one ofsaid elements, a race supported by the other of said elements inengagement with said rollers for applying a working pressure theretowhen the race and rollers are moved relative to each other by thepressure of said fluid, and spring means between said cage and race forrelatively moving them to their initial position when fluid pressure isremoved from said ram meAns.
 2. In a finishing tool as recited in claim1, wherein the cage is a sleeve providing a recess, and the race is aring having an inner sloping surface engaging the sloping surfaces ofthe rollers.
 3. In a finishing tool as recited in claim 2, wherein aunit member is supported in said recess on a spherical bearing securedto the fixed one of said elements, a race on said unit member having anend face disposed normal to the axis of said arbor, a cage on said unitmember adjacent to said end face having a plurality of slots therein,and rollers supported in said slots in engagement with the end face ofsaid race for finishing the end of a workpiece which is having its outersurface finished by said truncated conical rollers.
 4. In a finishingtool as recited in claim 3, wherein drive means is provided between saidunit member and said fixed one of said elements and between the unitmember and said race having the end face to produce the rotation of theunit member with said arbor.
 5. In a finishing tool as recited in claim1, wherein a stop sleeve is supported by said arbor for limiting theadvancement of a workpiece relative to said truncated conical rollers.6. In a finishing tool as recited in claim 5, wherein the cage embodiesa cage sleeve and a cage section which supports the rollers, and meansfor releasably securing the cage section to said cage sleeve for thereplacement of the former thereon.
 7. In a finishing tool as recited inclaim 6, wherein the cage sleeve and section are mounted within the stopsleeve which has an aperture therethrough by which securing means forthe cage sleeve and cage section may be released.
 8. In a finishing toolas recited in claim 7, wherein connecting means is provided between thepiston and cylinder elements which permit their relative movement whileproducing a rotary drive relation therebetween.